Abbreviation |
German
term |
English
term |
Comments |
|
|
Adjusted retention time
|
Total retention time less the ‘dead time’ representing the column
volume
|
|
|
Agarose
|
A high-molecular-weight polysaccharide from agar
|
|
|
Bleed; bleeding
|
Transfer of the ‘stationary’ phase into the moving phase
|
|
|
Chromosorb
|
Tradename for a GC support
|
|
|
Dead volume
|
Empty volume in a chromatograph such as tubing between injector
and column, or between column and detector which does not help separation
but which allows band broadening by diffusion
|
|
|
Dionex
|
US manufacturer
|
|
|
Eluotropic series
|
Series of solvents in order of increasing polarity
|
|
|
Endcapped (capped)
|
Reaction of residual
-Si-OH groups on a support with a reagent such as trimethylchlorosilane
|
|
|
Fronting
|
Opposite of ‘tailing’
|
|
|
Guard column
|
A short (expendable) segment of a column connected ahead of the
main column to trap materials which will not move on the column,
etc.
|
|
|
Heart cut
|
Material collected from the center of a chromatographic peak (presumably
purest)
|
|
|
Micellar chromatography
|
Chromatography with micelles in the mobile phase. Micelles are
aggregates of surfactant molecules, which act somewhat like an emulsified
organic phase.
|
|
|
Mixed-bed
|
Two or more solid phases in one column
|
|
|
Modifier
|
Additive that changes the nature of the mobile phase (often another
solvent of different polarity)
|
|
|
Normal phase
|
Chromatography in which the stationary phase (often water) is more
polar than the mobile phase. As of 2003, less common than "reverse
phase".
|
|
|
Pirkle
|
Dr. William Pirkle, Univ. of Illinois; developed a kind of bonded
stationary phase
|
|
|
(Total) Retention time
|
Time from injection of sample until a component appears at the
detector
|
|
|
Reverse phase
|
Mobile phase is more polar than the stationary phase
|
|
|
Rheodyne
|
Hardware manufacturer
|
|
|
Spherisorb
|
Tradename for a packing type
|
|
|
Supelco
|
US manufacturer/ distributor
|
|
|
Van Deemter equation
|
Relation between GC carrier gas flow rate and HETP
|
|
Affinitätschromatographie
|
Affinity chromatography
|
|
|
Alkaliperle
|
Alkali bead
|
In an NPD detector
|
|
Amperometrischer Detektor
|
Amperometric detector
|
|
|
Analysendauer
|
Run time
|
|
|
Angrenzende peaks
|
Adjacent peaks
|
|
|
Anionaustauscher
|
Anion exchanger
|
|
|
Anschlagen
|
Go off-scale; "pin"
|
|
|
Area-%
|
Area percent
|
Area of one peak divided by total area of all peaks
|
|
Asdorptions-Chromatographie
|
Adsorption chromatography
|
Chromatography in which the separation involves adsorption-desorption
rather than partition
|
|
Aufenthaltszeit
|
Residence time
|
|
|
Auflösung
|
Resolution
|
Separation of peaks
|
|
Aufsetzerpeak
|
Rider peak
|
A small peak on the side of a larger one
|
|
Aufsteigende
|
Ascending
|
In paper or thin-layer chromatography
|
|
Auftragen
|
Spot
|
To apply a spot or line of a sample or standard solution to a paper
or thin-layer chromatogram
|
|
Auftrageschablone
|
Application template
|
Controls spotting of samples for paper or thin-layer chromatography
|
|
Ausschluss-Chromatographie
|
Exclusion chromatography
|
Separation utilizing difference in ability of sample molecules
to get into pores in the packing material
|
|
Autosampler
|
Autosampler
|
|
|
Bandbreite
|
Bandwidth
|
|
|
Basislinengetrennt
|
Baseline-separated
|
|
|
Basislinie
|
Baseline
|
|
|
Basislinienabschitt
|
Baseline intercept
|
|
|
Basislinienabweichung
|
Baseline drift
|
May be caused by bleeding of liquid phase, for instance
|
|
Bestimmungsgrenze
|
Limit of determination
|
The lowest concentration of a substance which can be determined
quantitatively with acceptable precision; typically 3 to 10 times
the limit of detection.
|
|
Blindprobe
|
Blank
|
May be an injection of nothing but mobile phase, or of a ‘sample’
containing none of the analyte (the material to be determined)
|
|
Bodenzahl
|
Number of (theoretical) plates
|
|
|
Breite in halber Höhe
|
(peak) width at half height
|
|
|
Bruttoretentionszeit
|
Total retention time
|
Total time from injection to appearance of peak
|
|
Calibrierlösung
|
Calibration solution
|
Solution of a standard at known concentration
|
|
Calibrierung
|
Calibration
|
Use of standards to establish a relation between peak location
(retention time) and identity, or between peak size and quantity
|
|
Cationaustauscher
|
Cation exchanger
|
|
|
Dampfraum
|
Vapor space;
Headspace
|
In ‘headspace chromatography’ the vapor phase is analyzed as an
indication of concentration in the liquid phase.
|
|
Derivatisierung
|
Derivatization
|
Producing compounds which are volatile or which are particularly
easily detected
|
|
Detektor
|
Detector
|
|
|
Dichtring
|
Sealing ring; Ferrule
|
|
|
Differential detektoren
|
Differential detectors
|
Paired detectors on paired columns, one of which has only carrier
gas, while the other has samples and standards injected. Helps in
case of bleeding.
|
|
Druckgasflasche
|
Gas cylinder
|
|
|
Durchbruchsvolume
|
|
Volume of the mobile phase that flows from the time a non-retarded
sample is injected until it appears at the detector.
|
|
Durchbruchszeit
|
|
Time between injection of a non-retarded sample and its appearance
at the detector.
|
|
Durchflusszelle
|
Flow cell; flow-through cell
|
|
|
Dynamische Bereich
|
Dynamic range
|
A detector characteristic: the concentration range over which the
detector response is linear
|
|
Eichen
|
Calibrate
|
|
|
Eichfaktor
|
Calibration factor
|
Relation of response to actual amount of standard; depends on compound
and detector
|
|
Eichkurve
|
Calibration curve
|
Plot of response vs. amount for several standards
|
|
Eingangsabschwacher
|
Input attenuator; attenuator
|
Reduces sensitivity for strong signals
|
|
Eluat
|
Eluate
|
The material coming off a chromatographic column
|
|
Eluent
|
Eluent
|
The gas or liquid carrying the eluate
|
|
Empfindlichkeit
|
Sensitivity
|
|
|
Entwickeln / Entwicklung
|
Develop / development
|
Once sample spots are placed on a paper or thin-layer chromatographic
sheet, the chromatogram is ‘developed’ by capillary flow of solvent.
|
|
Entwicklungskammer
|
Developing chamber; development chamber
|
In paper or thin-layer chromatography
|
|
Erfassungsgrenze
|
Detection limit
|
Defined as the concentration at which the beta error is equal to
the alpha error. May be twice the ‘Nachweisgrenze’, but that depends
on exact definition of Nachweisgrenze.
|
|
Fertigfolien
|
Prepared (manufactured) adsorbent-coated plastic films for TLC
|
|
|
Fertigplatten
|
Prepared (manufactured) plates for TLC
|
|
|
Fertigsäule
|
Prepacked column
|
Usually commercially made
|
|
Filmstärke
|
Film thickness
|
Thickness of the ‘liquid’ film
|
|
Fleck
|
A spot
|
In paper or thin-layer chromatography
|
|
Fluss
|
Flow
|
Sometimes used to mean flow rate (mL/min)
|
|
Flüssig-Chromatographie;
Flüssigkeits-Chromatographie
|
Liquid chromatography
|
Generally, any chromatography in which the mobile phase is a liquid;
but sometimes used to mean column chromatography at little or no
applied pressure.
|
|
Förderrate
|
Flow rate
|
Rate at which mobile phase is pumped into an HPLC
|
|
Fraktionssammler
|
Fraction collector
|
|
|
Front
|
Solvent front (paper or thin-layer chromatography)
|
|
|
Gasmaus
|
|
Glass cylinder with a valve at each end for collecting a gas sample,
and with a septum so that some of the sample can be removed with
a syringe for injection into a gas chromatograph
|
|
Gasprobenbeutel
|
|
Plastic bag for gas samples, with a septum connection.
|
|
GC-MS Verknüpfung
|
GC-MS coupling (or interface)
|
|
|
Gebundene Phase
|
(chemically) bonded phase
|
|
|
Geisterpeak
|
Ghost (phantom) peak
|
|
|
Gelpermeationschromatographie
|
Gel permeation chromatography
|
|
|
Gepackte Säule
|
Packed column
|
|
|
Glockenkurve
|
Gaussian curve
|
"bell-shaped" curve
|
|
Gradient
|
Gradient
|
A continuous change in operating conditions, usually either mobile
phase composition or temperature
|
|
Gradienten Elution
|
Gradient elution
|
Operation with changing solvent or temperature
|
|
Halbwertsbreite
|
Width at half height
|
|
|
Injektor
|
Injector
|
|
|
Integriert
|
Integrated
|
Usually refers to peak area
|
|
Ionenaustausch
|
Ion exchange
|
|
|
Ionenaustauschchromatogrpahie
|
Ion exchange chromatography
|
See ‘ion chromatography’
|
|
Ionenchromatographie
|
Ion chromatography
|
Generally refers to use of a system utilizing ion exchange chromatography,
usually a conductivity detector, and other components to analyze
mixtures of either cations or anions
|
|
Ionenpaar
|
Ion pair
|
|
|
Ionenstärke
|
Ionic strength
|
|
|
Isokratische
|
Isocratic
|
Operation (elution) with constant mobile phase composition)
|
|
Kalibrierung
|
Calibration
|
|
|
Kapacitätsfaktor
|
Capacity factor
|
The maximum amount of sample for a column
|
|
Kapillarsäule
|
Capillary column
|
|
|
Kapillar-Strömungsmesser
|
Capillary flowmeter
|
Measures pressure drop across a capillary through which the carrier
gas flows
|
|
Küvette
|
Cell; cuvet (or cuvette)
|
Usually for determining optical absorbance
|
|
Laufgeschwindigkeit
|
Mobile phase migration rate
|
|
|
Laufmittel
|
Mobile phase
|
In liquid chromatography
|
|
Laufmittelfront
|
Solvent front
|
In paper or thin-layer chromatography
|
|
Laufzeit
|
Duration of development or migration time (TLC); run time (GC,
LC)
|
|
|
Leervolumen der Säule
|
Column volume
|
Volume of empty column
|
|
Leitfahigkeitszelle
|
Conductivity cell
|
Detector for ion chromatography
|
|
Lineare Geschwindigkeit
|
Linear flow rate
|
|
|
Lösungsmittelentgasung
|
Solvent (mobile phase) degassing
|
Important in HPLC because bubbles can form as the pressure decreases
toward the end of the column.
|
|
Luft
|
Air
|
Needed for a flame ionization detector
|
|
Marke
|
Mark
|
On a volumetric flask, the line indicating the exact volume
|
|
McReynolds Konstant
|
McReynolds constant
|
|
|
Mehrstufengradient
|
Multistep (stage) gradient
|
|
|
Membranentgaser
|
Membrane degasser
|
GC-MS interface component
|
|
Membranfilter
|
Membrane filter
|
|
|
Messkolben
|
Volumetric flask
|
|
|
Mikrokügelchen
|
Microbeads
|
|
|
Mikropacksäule
|
Microbore column
|
|
|
Mikrosphärishce
|
Microspherical
|
|
|
Mitteldruckchromatographie
|
Flash chromatography
|
Literally, medium-pressure chromatography; but usually "flash
chromatography" in English. Use of moderate pressure (e. g.,
1.5 – 2 bar) to force mobile phase through a relatively large-diameter
column.
|
|
Molekülsiebe
|
Molecular sieve
|
In GC context, one of several zeolite-like substances with defined
pore sizes
|
|
Nachweisgrenze
|
Detection limit
|
Lowest concentration at which one can be reasonably sure that a
compound is present
|
|
Nettoretentionszeit
|
Corrected (adjusted) retention time
|
Total retention time less dead time
|
|
Peakbreite
|
Peak width
|
|
|
Peakfläche
|
Peak area
|
A measure of quantity
|
|
Peakform
|
Peak shape
|
|
|
Peakhöhe
|
Peak height
|
A measure of quantity or concentration
|
|
Permeabilität
|
Permeability
|
|
|
Probenschleife
|
Sample loop
|
A short length of narrow-bore tubing which holds the sample to
be injected onto the column
|
|
Reinst
|
"highest purity"
|
Not very meaningful without specific definition;
"reagent grade"
|
|
Responsfaktor
|
Response factor
|
Relation of peak area (for instance) to the actual amount of a
component
|
|
Retention
|
Retention
|
|
|
Retentionsindex
|
Retention index
|
E. g., Kovats retention index; van den Dool & Kratz
|
|
Retentionszeit
|
Retention time
|
|
|
Rückspulung
|
Back-purge; back-flush
|
|
|
Sammelelektrode
|
Collecting (collector) electrode
|
In a FID-related detector
|
|
Säule
|
Column
|
Often a long thin tube
|
|
Säulenschaltung
|
Column switching
|
During a run
|
|
Säulenvordruck
|
Column inlet pressure
|
|
|
Schwanzbilding
|
Tailing
|
Deviation from ‘bell’ (Gaussian) peak shape, with the trailing
edge extended
|
|
Schwebekörper-Strömungsmesser
|
Floating ball flowmeter
|
Device for measuring carrier gas flow
|
|
Seifenblasen-Strömungsmesser
|
Soap-bubble flowmeter
|
Device for measuring carrier gas flow
|
|
Selektivität
|
Selectivity
|
|
|
Signal-Rausch Verhaltnis
|
Signal to noise ratio
|
|
|
Split
|
Split
|
A GC injector which divides the injected sample and sends only
a fraction of it to the column
|
|
Splitlos
|
Splitless
|
A type of GC injector which sends all the injected sample to the
column
|
|
Stammlösung
|
Stock solution
|
Of a standard used for calibration
|
|
Stationäre Phase
|
Stationary phase
|
|
|
Stromungsgeschwindigkeit
|
Flow velocity (rate)
|
|
|
Suppressor
|
Suppressor
|
Component of an ion chromatograph
|
|
Systemeignung
|
System suitability
|
A test required by USP for pharmaceutical analyses
|
|
Tailingfaktor
|
Tailing factor
|
|
|
Temperaturprogram
|
Temperature program
|
|
|
Totzeit
|
Dead time
|
Retention time for a substance that is not delayed in the stationary
phase; time to pass through the ‘dead volume’.
|
|
Trägergas
|
Carrier gas
|
The GC mobile phase
|
|
Trennkammer
|
Chromatographic chamber
|
For paper or thin-layer chromatography
|
|
Trennleistung
|
Column efficiency
|
|
|
Trennsäule
|
Analytical column
Separating column
Column
|
|
|
Trennschärfe
|
Resolution
|
Separation of spots or peaks
|
|
Trennstufenzahl
|
The number of separation stages (theoretical plates)
|
|
|
Überstromventil
|
Bypass valve
|
|
|
Umkehrbar
|
Reversible
|
|
|
Umkehrphase
|
Reversed phase
|
Mobile phase is more polar than stationary phase
|
|
Validierung
|
Validation
|
Experimental proof that an analytical procedure gives results of
acceptable accuracy, precision, sensitivity, etc.
|
|
Verdrängung
|
Displacement
|
Process in adsorption chromatography, when an adsorbed component
is replaced by one more strongly adsorbed.
|
|
Verdünnung
|
Dilution
|
Of standard or sample solution
|
|
Vertrauensintervall
|
Confidence range
|
A statistical measure of precision of an analytical procedure.
For instance, the procedure may give 95% confidence that the true
concentration is between x mg/liter and y mg/liter.
|
|
Verteilung
|
Partition
|
In the sense of distribution between two phases
|
|
Verteilungskoefficient
|
Distribution coefficient; partition coefficient
|
|
|
Vorsäule
|
Precolumn
Guard column
|
Replaceable section which most quickly gets contaminated from samples;
also used to saturate mobile phase with stationary phase if that
phase is slightly soluble
|
|
Wasserstoff
|
Hydrogen
|
A carrier gas, or fuel for a flame ionization detector
|
|
Wiederfindung
|
Recovery
|
A measure of the quality of an analytical procedure: add a known
amount, and determine whether the same increased amount is found
on analysis
|
BET
|
|
Brunauer-Emmett-Teller
|
A method for determining surface area by adsorption
|
DAD
|
|
Diode Array Detector
|
Measures absorbance at multiple wavelengths
|
DC
|
Dünnschichtchromatographie
|
Thin-layer chromatography
|
|
DEGS
|
|
Diethylene glycol succinate
|
A polymeric stationary phase
|
DSC
|
Dunnschichtchromatographie
|
Thin-layer chromatography
|
Note that DSC can also mean ‘differential scanning calorimetry’.
|
ECD
|
Elektroneneinfangdetektor
|
Electron capture detector
|
|
FID
|
Flammenionisationsdetektor
|
Flame Ionization Detector
|
|
FPD
|
Flammenphotometrische Detektor
|
Flame photometric detector
|
Measures specific emission from elements in the sample (e. g.,
S, Sn, P)
|
FTIR
|
|
Fourier Transform InfraRed (spectrometry)
|
|
GC-MS
|
|
Gas chromatography – Mass spectrometry
|
Uses the MS as the detector for the GC
|
HETP
|
Höhenäquivalent eines theoretischen Bodens
|
Height of equivalent theoretical plate
|
|
HPLC
|
Hockdruckflüssigkeitschromatographie
|
High Pressure Liquid Chromatography
|
Sometimes: High-Performance . . .
|
HPTLC
|
|
High-performance thin-layer chromatography
|
|
ID
|
Innenweite
|
Inside diameter
|
Of a column
|
ITD
|
|
Ion trap detector
|
|
MS
|
|
Mass Spectrometer
Mass Spectrometry
|
|
NPD
|
|
Nitrogen-Phosphorus detector
|
Uses a hot bead containing Rb or Cs to ionize nitrogen and phosphorus
compounds
|
NPD
|
|
Nitrogen-Phosphorus Detector
|
|
ODS
|
|
Octadecylsilane
|
A very common reversed phase, typically with octadecylsilyl groups
bonded to the support
|
p. a.
|
(Latin: pro analysi)
|
"highest purity"
|
Not very meaningful without specific definition;
"reagent grade"
|
PID
|
Photoionisationsdetektor
|
Photoionization detector
|
|
PLOT
|
|
Porous layer open tubular (column)
|
|
PND
|
Phosphor-Stickstoff Detektor; PND
|
Nitrogen-Phosphorus detector
|
|
PND
|
Thermionischer Detektor
|
Thermionic detector
|
|
Rf ; Rf
|
|
Retardation factor
|
Sample movement / solvent front movement in paper or thin-layer
chromatography
|
SCOT
|
|
Support-coated open tubular
|
Has thin layer of packing (support + liquid phase) on inside of
capillary
|
SFC
|
|
Supercritical fluid chromatography
|
Use of a ‘supercritical’ fluid as the mobile phase
|
SPE
|
Festphasenextraktion
|
Solid phase extraction
|
|
TC
|
|
Thermal conductivity
|
Detector type for GC
|
TCD
|
|
Thermal Conductivity Detector
|
|
TF
|
|
Tailing factor
|
|
TLC
|
Dünnschichtchromatographie
|
Thin-layer chromatography
|
|
UV
|
|
Ultraviolet
|
Detector type for LC
|
WCOT
|
|
Wall-coated open tubular (column)
|
Thin (e. g. 0.2 µm) coating of stationary
phase on the inner wall of a capillary column
|
wh
|
|
|
Peak width at half height
|
wb
|
|
|
Peak width at baseline
|
wI
|
|
|
Peak width between inflection points
|
WLD
|
Wärmeleitfähigkeitsdetktor
|
Thermal conductivity detector (TCD)
|
|
z. A.
|
zur Analysis
|
for analysis; analytical grade; reagent grade
|
Not very meaningful without specific definition
|