| J-ART | Japanese Adverse Reaction Terminology |
| JAMA | Journal of the American Medical Association |
| JATO | Jet-Assisted Takeoff(usually actually rocket-assisted) |
| JCAHO | Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations |
| JFK | Kennedy International Airport(New York City) |
| JFK | Former US President John F. Kennedy |
| JHP | Jacketed hollow point (bullet) |
| JIC | Joint Industrial Council |
| JNLWD | Joint Non-Lethal Wapons Directorate (US DOD) |
| JPL | Jet Propulsion Laboratory |
| JSP | Jacketed soft point (bullet) |
| K | Lysine (amino acid) |
| K | Karabiner (carbine, but can also be a rifle) |
| K (sub) m | Michaelis constant(Michaelis-Menten constant) |
| K | Potassium (in a salt of a pharmaceutical compound) |
| KAIST | Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology |
| kb | kilobase (in nucleic acids) |
| KCS | Keratoconjunctivitis sicca; kératoconjonctivite sche |
| KDN-AN | Potassium dinitramide-Ammonium nitrate |
| KFÜ | Kernreaktor Fernüberwachung |
| KG | Körpergewicht (body weight) |
| KINITI | Korea Institute of Industry and Technology Information |
| KIST | Korea Institute of Science and Technology |
| KITA | Korea Industrial Technology Association |
| KLH | Keyhole limpet hemocyanin |
| KLOC | Thousand lines of code (computer programming) |
| KORDIC | Korea Research & Development |
| KOTRA | Korea Trade-Investment Promotion Agency |
| KS | KetoSteroid(s) |
| KSK | Ethyl iodoacetate(English WWI chemical agent) |
| KTP | Potassium titanyl phosphate |
| KUB | Kidneys, Ureters and Bladder |
| KUFIT | Korea-United States Foundation for Industry & Technology Cooperation |
| KVA | Kilovolt ampere |
| L | Leucine |
| L | Lewisite; (2-chloroethyl) arsenous dichloride |
| L | when followed by a number, a chromatographic column |
| L/S | Lecithin/Sphingomyelin |
| LA | Licensing Authority(UK, pharmaceuticals) |
| LAL | Limulus Amoebacyte Lysate (test for bacterial endotoxins) |
| LAN | Local Area Network (computers) |
| LANL | Los Alamos National Laboratories |
| LAP | Leucine AminoPeptidase |
| LASA | Lipid-Associated Sialic Acid |
| LASIK | Laser in-situ keratomileusis |
| LATS | Long-Acting Thyroid Stimulation |
| LAX | Los Angeles International Airport |
| LB | Luria-Bertaini (microbiological medium) |
| LBB | Leucoberlin Blue |
| LBNL | Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory |
| LBO | Leveraged Buy-Out |
| LC/MS | Liquid Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry |
| LC50 | Concentration lethal to 50% of those exposed |
| LCD | Liquid Crystal Display |
| LCL | Less than Car-load Lot |
| LCL | Lower Control Limit(QA: Control charts) |
| LCM | Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis (virus) |
| LCMS | Liquid Chromatography - Mass spectrometry |
| LCP | Liquid crystal polymers |
| LCR | Ligase chain reaction |
| LD | Lactic Dehydrogenase |
| LD100 | Lethal dose 100%(kills 100% of those exposed) |
| LD50 | Lethal dose for 50% of those exposed |
| LDA | Lithium diisopropylamide |
| LDA | Linear Discriminant analysis |
| LDH | Lactic DeHydrogenase |
| LDL | Low density lipoprotein |
| LDPE | Low density polyethylene |
| LDR | Linear dynamic range |
| LE | Lupus Erythematosus |
| LED | Light-Emitting Diode |
| LEED | Low-energy electron diffraction |
| LEEP | Loop electrosurgery excision procedure |
| LEL | Lower Explosive Limit (% by volume in air) |
| LEOMA | Laser and Electro-Optics Manufacturers Association |
| Leu | Leucine |
| LFM | Lateral force (scanning) microscopy |
| LH | Luteinizing Hormone |
| LHSV | Liquid hourly space velocity |
| LIA | Laser Institute of America |
| LIF | Laser-induced fluorescence |
| LIF | Laser-Induced Fluorescence |
| LIFO | Last in, first out (inventory accounting) |
| LIMS | Laboratory Information Management System |
| LLDPE | Linear low-density polyethylene |
| LLNL | Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (USA) |
| LLRW | Low Level Radioactive Waste |
| LMG | Light machine gun |
| LMR | Limites maximales de résidus |
| LNG | Liquefied Natural Gas (Methane) |
| LO | Light On (photoelectric switch) |
| LOA | Length over all (of a cartridge, for instance) |
| LOD | Limit of Detection (in chemical analysis) |
| LOI | Loss on ignition (weight loss on heating red hot) |
| LOI | Loss on ignition (at red heat) |
| LOQ | Limit of Quantification (in chemical analysis) |
| LOX | Liquid Oxygen |
| LP | Lumbar Puncture |
| LPG | Liquefied Petroleum Gas (usually propane or butane) |
| LPS | Lipopolysaccharide(bacterial endotoxin; pyrogen) |
| LR | Linear Range |
| LR | Long Rifle (only in the caliber designation .22 LR) |
| LRPL | Liquid Rocket Propulsion Laboratory (Picatinny Arsenal) |
| LRS | Laser Raman Spectrometry |
| LS | Lumbosacral |
| LSB | Lower sideband |
| LSL | Lower specification limit |
| LTPD | Lot tolerance percent defective(QA) |
| LTR | Long Terminal Repeat(molecular genetics) |
| LUP | Lead Units of Pressure (firearms cartridges) |
| LV | Liefervorschriften (?) |
| LVEF | Left ventricle ejection fraction |
| LVP | Large-Volume Parenteral(s) |
| LW | Large white (pig) |
| LWL | Lower warning limit(QA: control charts) |
| Lys | Lysine |
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