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English |
Comments |
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P/O-Quotient
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P/O ratio
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Number of high-energy phosphate bonds
produced per oxygen atom consumed.
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Packung
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f
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Packing
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Seal, usually for a rotating shaft
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Pansen
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Rumen
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First stomach of ruminants
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Papageikrankheit
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Psittacosis; parrot fever
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Pathogen: Chylamydia psittaci
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Partialdruck
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n
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Partial pressure
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Pressure exerted by one gas in a mixture
of gases
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PEP
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Phosphoenol pyruvate
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Pepton
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n
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Peptone
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Protein hydrolyzates used in nutrient
media; made from meat, casein, soybean meal, etc. The composition depends on
the origin and the hydrolysis procedure.
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Peristaltikpumpe
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Peristaltic pump
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Pump which produce flow by squeezing a
flexible tube (moving the point of squeeze along the tube in the direction of
flow).
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peritrich
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adj.
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Peritrichous
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Having flagellae on all the surfaces of
the bacterial cell
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Permeabilitätgene
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Permeability genes
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Permeat
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n
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Permeate
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Material which passes through a
separating membrane
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Petrischale
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n
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Petri dish
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Glass, plastic, occasionally metal dish,
round (usually) or square, typically 50-100 cm diam., 1 cm tall, with a cover
which fits over and around the dish.
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PHA
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Poly(hydroxyalkanoates)
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Phasengrenzfläche
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n
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Phase boundary
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Phasenkontrast
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Phase contrast
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A microscope optical system which makes
clear colorless objects (e. g., bacteria) visible by means of a slight change
in phase of light diffracted by the object. (Zernike).Normally uses green light, and produces a
‘halo’ around images.
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Phasenkontrastmikroskopie
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PCM
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Phase contrast microscopy
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PHB
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Poly(beta-hydroxybutyric acid)
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Phenylessigsäure
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Phenylacetic acid
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C6H5CH2COOH
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pH-Messer
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n
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pH meter
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Measures acidity (activity of hydrogen or
hydronium ions)
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Photoreaktivierung
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Photoreactivation
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Increasing the survival rate, or reducing
the frequency of mutation, in a bacterial population which has been
irradiated with ultraviolet light by exposure to light of 300-450 nm
wavelength
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Photosensibilisierung
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Photosensitization
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Increasing sensitivity of bacteria to
oxygen and light by staining living cells with certain stains (e. g.,
acridine orange, methylene blue)
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Phototaxis
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Phototaxis
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Movement of bacteria (especially
photosynthetic bacteria) toward light
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Phototrophe
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Phototrophe; phototrophic
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Organisms which can use light as an
energy source. Green algae (and higher plants produce) oxygen. Photosynthetic
bacteria produce sulfur (for instance). Blue-green algae are sometimes
considered algae (Cyanophyta) and sometimes bacteria (Cyanobacteria)
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pH-Papier
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n
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pH paper
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Paper strip(s) impregnated with an
indicator that changes color with pH changes.
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pH-Stat
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n
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pH-stat
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System to maintain constant pH (acidity)
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Pi
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Pi
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Inorganic phosphate; ortho-phosphate
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Pigmentbildung
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Pigment formation, (production)
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Pili
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pl
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Pili
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Very thin filaments (ca. 10 nm diameter)
filaments on the surface of some bacteria. They appear to be hollow tubes
used to transfer genes.
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Pilot-Anlage
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Pilot plant
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A small-scale production process (larger
than laboratory scale) used to develop a subsequent full-scale process.
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Pilz
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m, -es, -e
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Fungus
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Pipet, Pipette
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Pipet, pipette
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A device for transferring liquids
(usually aqueous). Chemical laboratories usually use ‘volumetric’ pipets
calibrated for a single volume such as 10 ml. Microbiology laboratories often
use ‘serological’ pipets with subdivisions, e. g., 1 ml graduated
in 1/100 ml. Some ‘transfer’ pipets
are graduated; others are not. ‘Pipet’ sometimes means just a ‘dropper’
(e. g., ‘Pasteur’ pipets). A serological
pipet often has a cotton plug inserted at the top (mouth) end to protect
users.
There are many special types.
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Planspiegel
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Plane mirror
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A microscope illuminator, used with a
condenser
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Plasmid
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Plasmid
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A circular DNA molecule, outside the
chromosome, which replicates independently. MW 1-200 million
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Plasmolyse
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Plasmolysis
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Loss of water, with shrinkage of the cell
contents and cytoplasmic membrane, due to a medium of high osmotic pressure
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Platinöse
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f, -, -n
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Platinum loop
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Inoculating loop of platinum wire
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Plattenaustauscher
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Plate heat exchanger
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Plattendiffusionstest
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Plate diffusion test; see comment
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Commonly uses short glass or stainless
steel tubes ca. 6 mm diameter which are placed on end on agar plates seeded
(inoculated evenly all over the surface) with a test organism. Antibiotic
diffuses radially from solutions in the cylinders, resulting in zones of
inhibition in which the test organism does not grow. The zone diameters are
used to determine antibiotic concentration in the solutions.
Commonly: cylinder plate test
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Plattierung
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Plating
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Culturing microorganisms on Petri plates
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pleomorph
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adj
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Pleomorphic
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Able to change form (rod - coccus)
depending on conditions
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Ploem
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Ploem
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An incident illumination system for
fluorescence microscopy (for J. S. Ploem)
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Plug-Flow Reaktor
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Plug-flow reactor
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Reactor for a continuous process in which
the reaction mixture flows through a pipe (or the equivalent) without mixing.
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Pocken
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Smallpox; Variola
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Not just ‘pox’ in English; that often includes
any disease with a skin eruption (originally included syphilis, as in
“A pox on both your houses”.)
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Porzellanfilter
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m
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Porcelain filter
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Unglazed porcelain (retains bacteria,
passes viruses)
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Ppi
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PPi
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Inorganic pyrophosphate
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PQQ
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PQQ
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A coenzyme: pyrolloquinolinquinone
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PRA
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PRA
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5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine
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Prallblech
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n,, -e
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Baffle
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Used to increase turbulence; may also
be heat exchangers.
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Prallplatten
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n
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Baffles
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In fermentors
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Prephensäure
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n
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Prephenic acid
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Primäre Metabolite
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n
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Primary metabolite(s)
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Metabolites essential for microbial
growth; similar in most organisms
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Probeentnahme
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n
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Sample collection
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Sample withdrawal
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Prokaryont
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n
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Procaryote
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An organism (such as a bacterial cell)
which does not have a distinct nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane
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Propan-3-olid
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Beta-propiolactone
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A chemical sterilant
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Propellerruhrer
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n
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Propellor stirrer
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Stirrer with blades resembling a ship’s
propeller
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Protist
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Protist
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Procaryote; organism without a distinct
nucleus
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Protoplast
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Protoplast
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Cell from which the cell wall has been
removed (with lysozyme, for instance)
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PRP
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PRP
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2,5-diamino-6-hydroxy-4-(5’-phosphoribosylamino)-pyridine
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PRPP
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PRPP
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5-phospho-alpha-D-ribosylpyrophosphate
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psychrophile
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adj
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Psychrophilic
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Grow (best) < 20 °C
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Puffer
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Buffer
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A substance which resists change of pH by
binding with, or releasing, hydrogen ions
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Purpurbakterien
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Purple bacteria
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Pyrex
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Pyrex
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Trademark of Corning Glass for a
borosilicate glass resistant to thermal shock
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Pyruvat
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Pyruvate
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Anion of pyruvic acid, CH3C=OCOOH
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Copyright © 2010 Denzel Dyer, all rights reserved.
